A reaction that breaks down a polymer into its monomers is known as what type of reaction?

A reaction that breaks down a polymer into its monomers is specifically referred to as a catabolic reaction. In biological terms, catabolic reactions involve the degradation of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. This is crucial for metabolism because it allows for the recycling of building blocks and the release of energy, which can then be harnessed for cellular activities.

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits (monomers), and catabolic reactions essentially reverse the process of anabolism, wherein monomers are combined to form polymers. By breaking down these larger structures, cells can obtain the necessary monomers for various biosynthetic processes or energy production.

While hydrolytic reactions are often associated with catabolic processes since they involve the addition of water to break bonds, the term catabolic specifically refers to the larger category of reactions that lead to breakdown and energy release. This makes catabolic the correct choice for the type of reaction that breaks down a polymer.