What happens to cells during the process of apoptosis?

During the process of apoptosis, cells undergo a programmed and controlled process of self-destruction. This is a crucial mechanism in maintaining homeostasis within the body, allowing for the removal of damaged, diseased, or unneeded cells without causing inflammation or damage to neighboring tissues.

Apoptosis is characterized by specific morphological and biochemical changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and ultimately, fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that can be easily engulfed by phagocytes. This contrasts significantly with uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to cancerous growth or the accumulation of unhealthy cells, leading to various pathologies. Through apoptosis, the body effectively maintains its normal function and cellular turnover, indicating that this process is vital for cellular health and development.