The term that describes the back side of the body is "dorsal." In anatomical terminology, "dorsal" is used to refer to structures that are located towards the back. This term is essential for accurately describing the locations of various body parts in relation to one another. For instance, the dorsal side of the body includes the spine and the shoulder blades, distinguishing it from the ventral side, which refers to the front of the body, including areas like the chest and abdomen.
Understanding this terminology is particularly important in anatomy and physiology, as it provides a clear language for discussing the orientation of different structures. The other terms in the choices serve different purposes: "ventral" is the opposite of dorsal and refers to the front side, "anatomical" is a broad term encompassing the study of body structures, and "diaphragm" specifically refers to the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and is not related to the description of body sides. Thus, "dorsal" accurately captures the concept of referring to the back side of the body.