What is the microscopic study of cells called?

Cytology is the correct term for the microscopic study of cells. It involves examining cells in terms of their structure, function, and pathology. This field is crucial for diagnosing diseases, such as cancer, through the analysis of cellular features and abnormalities.

Histology, while related and often studied alongside cytology, focuses on the study of tissues and how they are organized rather than individual cells. Microbiology pertains to the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, rather than cells themselves. Pathology is the study of diseases and their effects on organs and tissues, incorporating aspects of both cytology and histology but not limited to cell structure alone. Thus, cytology specifically addresses the examination of cells, making it the most precise answer to the question.