What is the process known as autolysis, which leads to the self-destruction of certain old cells?

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, which is a natural mechanism in the body that allows for the orderly and regulated elimination of damaged, unnecessary, or potentially harmful cells. During apoptosis, cells undergo a series of specific morphological and biochemical changes that lead to their own death without causing inflammation or damage to surrounding tissues. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis, sculpting tissues during development, and eliminating cells that may contribute to disease if not removed.

In contrast, necrosis refers to unregulated cell death resulting from injury or disease, typically leading to inflammation and damage to surrounding tissues. Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells in a tissue, often in response to a stimulus, while atrophy refers to the reduction in cell size or number due to a lack of stimulation or other adverse conditions. These conditions represent pathological responses, rather than the regulated and beneficial process of apoptosis.