What is the term for anything that has mass and occupies space?

The term for anything that has mass and occupies space is "matter." Matter refers to the physical substance that makes up all objects in the universe, encompassing everything from the smallest particles to large astronomical bodies. It includes solids, liquids, and gases, each of which possesses mass and takes up space in the three-dimensional world.

This concept is fundamental in science; understanding matter helps clarify how substances interact, change states (like ice melting into water), and are measured (like determining mass with a balance). In contrast, energy refers to the capacity to do work or produce change but does not have mass or occupy space directly. Force is a specific interaction that can cause an object to change its velocity or direction but, similar to energy, it does not possess mass or volume. Lastly, while "substance" is a broader term that can refer to matter with a specific composition or properties, it doesn't capture the full definition of all forms of matter. Therefore, "matter" is the most precise term for the definition given.