Which of the following best describes a catabolic reaction?

A catabolic reaction is characterized by the breakdown of larger, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones. This process releases energy that can then be harnessed by the cell for various functions. Catabolism is a critical aspect of metabolism, as it allows organisms to derive energy from nutrients and other substances consumed.

In contrast to anabolic reactions, which focus on building complex molecules from simpler ones, catabolic reactions primarily focus on degradation. They play a vital role in energy production, metabolism of nutrients, and the recycling of cellular components, supporting growth and maintenance of cellular processes. By breaking down molecules, catabolism not only provides energy but also generates substrates used in anabolic pathways for the synthesis of necessary biomolecules.