Which theory of aging addresses the reduction of energy production due to free radicals in mitochondria?

The mitochondrial theory of aging posits that the accumulation of damage within mitochondria due to free radicals is a significant factor in the aging process. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency in our bodies. With age, the effectiveness of these organelles diminishes due to oxidative stress from free radicals—highly reactive molecules that can damage cell components, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

The byproduct of energy production in mitochondria leads to the generation of free radicals, which can cause mutations and impair the ability of mitochondria to function properly. This results in decreased ATP production, contributing to the overall decline in cellular function seen with aging. The mitochondrial theory emphasizes the role of oxidative damage and its cumulative effect over time, signaling a crucial aspect of why tissues might lose function as one ages.

In contrast, the wear and tear theory suggests that cellular damage from various environmental factors accumulates over time, rather than focusing specifically on mitochondrial function. The telomere shortening theory deals with the end caps of chromosomes and their role in cellular aging, whereas immune system disorders involve the deterioration of immune responses as one gets older, affecting health and resilience